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Article History

Received: 2 October 2025

Accepted: 13 March 2026

First Online: 23 March 2026

Declarations

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: This research study, which involved online data collection from human participants, was conducted strictly to the ethical guidelines of the ethics committee and regulations with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. We confirm that the committee's ethical considerations for online data collection were meticulously followed. Participant privacy and data confidentiality were rigorously upheld throughout the process. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the Department of Commerce - at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan granted this study's ethical clearance after thoroughly evaluating the research protocols and the online data collection process. Collected data will be securely retained for a reasonable period, allowing for analysis and potential future research purposes. After this period, all data will be securely deleted to uphold participant privacy and data security. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) Department of Commerce - at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan reviewed and approved the study with the approval number 2025/BZU/RDEC/P-174. Informed consent was taken from all participants prior to conduct of the research study. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of anonymity and confidentiality.

: Informed consent was taken from all participants prior to conduct of the research study. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of anonymity and confidentiality.

: The authors declare no competing interests.