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Article History

Received: 2 October 2025

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Social and Human Sciences Research of Istanbul University (Approval No: 679484, Date: 01.02.2022). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants voluntarily provided informed consent and completed the study via online surveys administered through Google Surveys. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.