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Authors
Khayat Kakhki, Saeed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-7103
Manzari, Zahra Sadat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8270-7357
Heydari, Abbas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-7488
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research proposal was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MUMS.NURSE.REC.1404.008). Participation in the study was entirely voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completing the questionnaire. The survey was anonymous and did not include any identifiable personal information, thereby ensuring confidentiality and privacy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
