Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Research Ethics Committee (Reference: UTMREC-2025-105).
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.