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Article History

Received: 11 September 2025

Accepted: 18 May 2026

First Online: 1 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (IR.ZAUMS.REC.1402.309). All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee, the national guidelines of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The referral protocol for participants with elevated suicidal ideation (BSSI ≥ 6), including on-site psychological support, was approved a priori by the Ethics Committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Students with BSSI scores ≥ 6 were immediately referred to the university counseling center, and a licensed psychologist was on site during data collection to provide crisis intervention.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.