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Article History

Received: 23 November 2025

Accepted: 9 June 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Jimma University Institutional Review Board (JU-IRB), College of Education and Behavioral Sciences. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with institutional and international ethical standards, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all participants after they were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were assured. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. No participants under the age of 16 were included; therefore, parental or guardian consent was not required.

: Consent to publish is not applicable as the study does not include identifiable personal data or images.

: The authors declare no competing interests.