Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 March 2026

Accepted: 19 June 2026

First Online: 22 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is based on the secondary analysis of anonymized survey data from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015), which is publicly available and was collected in accordance with applicable ethical and data protection regulations (Eurofound, 2017). No additional data collection involving human participants was undertaken by the author. Therefore, separate institutional ethical approval was not required.The EWCS is administered by Eurofound in accordance with standardized procedures for informed consent and data protection. No primary data were collected for the purposes of this study.

: Not aplicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.