Tian, Ye
Zhao, Yajuan
Wu, Yue
Ye, Jilai
Mei, Shuyao
Chi, Zhihao
Tian, Tian
Wang, Ce
Shi, Zhe-Yu
Chen, Yu
Hu, Jiazhong
Zhai, Hui
Chen, Wenlan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1406702)
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1405300)
National Key R&D program of China (2021YFA1400904)
National Key R&D program of China (2021YFA0718303)
Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0302005)
XPLORER Prize
National Natural Science Foundation of China (92165203)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12174358)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A6004)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12204352)
Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program
National Security Academic Foundation (U2330401)
Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Revised: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Hui Zhai is an editorial board member for Quantum Frontiers and was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.