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Article History

Received: 29 July 2024

Accepted: 2 April 2025

First Online: 7 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study, involving human research participants, was conducted in strict adherence to ethical principles. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), ECQUT in accordance with the Guiding Principles for Ethical Research at Qilu University of Technology. The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by this ethics committee, ensuring the protection of the rights and welfare of all participants involved. No live vertebrate experiments were conducted in this research.

: The authors confirm that informed consents, encompassing both Consent to Participate and Consent to Publish, have been duly obtained from all adult participants involved in this study. As there are no participants under the age of 18, no consent was required from parents or legal guardians. All participants were fully informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and they voluntarily agreed to participate and to the publication of the research outcomes. This confirmation is made with the full knowledge and agreement of all authors.

: The authors declare no competing interests.