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Article History

Received: 7 October 2024

Accepted: 2 May 2025

First Online: 26 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The project involved experts providing free-of-charge entrepreneurship education to people who were interested to receive the free-of-charge entrepreneurship education being offered. There was no need for approval by an ethics board for the free-of-charge provision of entrepreneurship education by experts. Rather, the entrepreneurship education is similar to that provided in many countries around the world at different stages of entrepreneurship lifecycle without need for approval by an ethics board. The novelty of the whole entrepreneurial lifecycle being addressed by one transnational Africa–Europe project does not introduce ethical issues in the free-of-charge provision of entrepreneurship education by experts. Consent to participate went beyond informed consent to informed action. In particular, there was information about the programmes on the project websites, and information about the programmes was disseminated through social media. People who had questions about the information for the programmes were able to ask questions and to receive answers: for example, during online information sessions and/or via emails. People took action to receive the free-of-charge entrepreneurial education offered in the programmes, such as filling in the project’s online application forms. Successful applicants confirmed their participation.

: The authors declare no competing interests.