Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 December 2024

Accepted: 3 June 2025

First Online: 12 June 2025

Declarations

:

: “This study was conducted in accordance with the Institutional Research Board Guidelines of Beni-Suef University, which adheres to the directives of the Supreme Council of Universities in Egypt (Correspondence dated 28/03/2023, Article 25). This research is exempt from formal ethics approval per Article 25, as it falls under the category of humanities and social sciences research that does not involve sensitive human subject treatments.”

: While informed consent is routinely obtained from participants in research conducted by the authors, the Supreme Council of Universities in Egypt has waived the requirement for formal Research Ethics Board (REB) approval for humanities and social sciences research that does not involve interventions or treatments of sensitive human subjects (correspondence dated 28/03/2023, Article 25). This study falls under this category. However, informed consent was obtained from all participants before their participation in this study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.