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Authors
Woolcott, Geoff https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-7256
Chamberlain, Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-5171
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian Government Higher Education Participation Program (N/A, N/A)
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2024
Accepted: 13 June 2025
First Online: 20 June 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Ethics Committee at Southern Cross University approved this study (Ethics Approval No. ECN-16-063).
: Data used was obtained from university archives and all data was deidentified before analysis – all links that could be used to identify individual students were removed by relevant university staff before analysis as per the ethics agreements. Since these were archives of student records, informed consent was not considered as a requirement for data analysis, as per our ethics agreement. All data was from participants over 18.
: 97-XX Mathematics Education,97Bxx Educational policy and systems,97-11 Research data for problems pertaining to mathematics education
: The authors declare no competing interests.
