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Article History

Received: 22 April 2025

Accepted: 17 June 2025

First Online: 3 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki, the guidelines of the Norwegian National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (NESH), and the ICMJE (Vancouver) guidelines for authorship and publication. The project was evaluated and approved by the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (Sikt), Ref. no. 158334. In accordance with institutional and national regulations, formal ethical approval was not required, as all data collected through interviews and questionnaires were fully anonymized.

: All participants received detailed written and verbal information about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, how data would be handled, and their rights as participants, including the right to withdraw at any time without negative consequences. Based on the information described under informed consent, all participants provided written, voluntary consent prior to participating in the study.

: All participants agreed to the publication of anonymized data, including excerpts from surveys and interviews.

: The authors declare no competing interests.