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Article History

Received: 1 October 2024

Accepted: 16 July 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study complied with the ethical standards outlined in the postgraduate guidelines of Jimma University and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its amendments. It involved human participants through surveys, individual and focus group interviews. Ethical clearance was granted by the college of educational and behavioral science at Jimma University on 08 April 2024. The approval was issued under reference No. CEBS/RP-1464/16. Written consent to participate was obtained from all individuals involved in the study. Participants confirmed their understanding of the research and agreed to take part without coercion, in accordance with ethical standards and institutional guidelines.

: Not Applicable.

: All participants were provided with comprehensive information regarding the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and individuals were given adequate time and opportunity to ask questions and make an informed decision prior to data collection.

: The authors declare no competing interests.