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Article History

Received: 7 February 2025

Accepted: 24 July 2025

First Online: 8 August 2025

Declarations

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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Each participant was informed about the purpose of the research, the procedures involved, potential risks, and benefits, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Written consent was obtained from all participants. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Research, The Sherwan Institute of Online Education (No. SIOE1262/2024), and relevant survey procedures were in line with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Research, The Sherwan Institute of Online Education (No. SIOE1262/2024), and relevant survey procedures were in line with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants

: The study was conducted with equal participation by all authors.

: The paper’s publication is permitted by all of the authors.

: The authors declare no competing interests.