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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 29 July 2025

First Online: 14 August 2025

Declarations

:

: A research ethical clearance was obtained from the Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg ethics committee with reference code of JBSREC202438.

: Participation in this research was entirely voluntary. All participants were informed about the nature, purpose, and procedures of the study, and gave their informed consent before taking part. They were assured of confidentiality, and their data was anonymized to protect their identity. Participants were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. This research adhered to ethical standards and guidelines for responsible conduct in research.

: All participants involved in this study provided informed consent for the publication of anonymized data and findings derived from their contributions. They were made aware that their responses, interactions, or data could be used in academic publications, reports, or presentations, with the assurance that no personally identifiable information would be disclosed. The participants acknowledged and agreed to the use of such data for scholarly and educational purposes, in accordance with ethical research guidelines and institutional policies.

: The authors declare no competing interests.