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Article History

Received: 10 March 2025

Accepted: 5 August 2025

First Online: 6 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of University of Cape Coast (UCCIRB), under approval number UCCIRB/CES.2023/127. The ethical approval process ensured compliance with guidelines established by UCCIRB, particularly regarding the protection of sensitive participant information.

: All research procedures adhered to the ethical standards outlined by UCCIRB. Specific care was taken to ensure that participant confidentiality and data protection measures were rigorously maintained throughout the research.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. For participants below the age of 18, written consent was secured from their parents or legal guardians. Additionally, participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point without any repercussions.

: Participants gave their consent for anonymized data collected during the study to be published in academic outlets. No identifiable information has been included, and all findings have been presented in aggregated form to ensure participant confidentiality.

: The authors declare no competing interests.