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Article History

Received: 13 March 2025

Accepted: 12 August 2025

First Online: 20 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was not required for this study as it involved the analysis of secondary data from publicly accessible datasets (National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, and U.S. Department of Labor), with no direct interaction with human participants or use of private, identifiable information. The study follows all applicable ethical guidelines for secondary research.

: Not applicable, as this research involved secondary analysis of publicly available datasets, and no direct human participants were involved.

: Not applicable, as no individual participant data or identifiable information was utilized in this secondary data analysis.

: The authors declare no competing interests.