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Authors
Nsabayezu, Ezechiel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-9266
Habimana, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4851-3513
Nzabalirwa, Wenceslas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-2001
Niyonzima, Francois Niyongabo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-5171
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Article History
Received: 19 March 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval for its general characteristics from the University of Rwanda College of Education, Research, and Innovation Ethics Committee (letter ref: 003/03/24). An individual ethical review was not required, as the study falls into a category exempt from such review. Studies qualify for general ethical approval if it can be confidently and easily assumed that participation will not cause any physical or mental harm or discomfort beyond everyday experiences and if the study relies on data that were fully anonymized at the source (e.g., through an anonymous online survey). The participants have signed the Consent to participate and publish the results from this study in in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: The authors confirm that the participants have signet the consent for the publication of the findings of this works. The authors also confirmed that they hold the rights to the content and have obtained all necessary permissions.
