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Article History

Received: 23 March 2025

Accepted: 29 August 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted in accordance with ethical standards for educational research. The study was approved by the pedagogical councils of all participating institutions, and all necessary consents were obtained from participants and parents/guardians of minor participants.

: All participants provided informed consent to publish their anonymised data and responses. All authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript being submitted and give their consent for the article to be published in Discover Education.

: The Ethical Council of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University approved the research. All data collection procedures were approved by the pedagogical councils of participating institutions. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, and confidentiality provisions.

: All participants provided informed consent to participate in this study. Additional parental consent was obtained for minor students.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interest.