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Authors
Djam’an, Nurwati
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (065/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024)
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the State University of Makassar. Formal approval was obtained from the Head of the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office (PTSP) of South Sulawesi Province and from the principal of the partner school. Ethical clearance was granted prior to data collection, and a designated teacher coordinated the study to confirm the voluntary participation of teachers and students. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement. Participation was voluntary, and participants were assured of their right to withdraw at any time without consequences.
: Written informed consent for the publication of anonymized data was obtained from all participants. They agreed that their contributions (under pseudonyms) could be used for scholarly publication, provided their personal identities remained confidential and protected.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
