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Authors
Peñaojas, Jovela Ibayan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0203-0126
Palomar, Brando Castroverde https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-5069
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: Informed consent was secured prior to the gathering of quantitative data to inform the participants about the study, their rights, and the privacy of data gathered. The Educational Policy Research and Development Center received and reviewed the thesis with REC Code: 08252023-058, and has certified that it has fully complied with the PNU Code of Research Ethics and Guideline for Review as stipulated in the BOR Resolution No. U-2303 s. 2015; issued on August 25, 2023.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
