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Article History

Received: 17 June 2025

Accepted: 22 September 2025

First Online: 15 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with institutional research ethics standards. At the time of the study, ethical approval was waived by the research office of Yantai Institute of Science and Technology, as the project involved minimal risk and did not collect sensitive personal data. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study. Participation was voluntary, and students and teachers were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without consequences.

: All participants provided consent for the anonymous use of their data for academic publication purposes. No personally identifiable information has been disclosed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.