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Article History

Received: 3 June 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All experimental protocols involving human participants were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies (人間環境学研究科), Kyoto University. The study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations of Kyoto University. Furthermore, the research was carried out in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were provided with a detailed explanation of the study’s purpose and procedures, and all provided informed consent prior to their participation. To ensure confidentiality, all collected data were fully anonymized to protect the privacy of participants and were stored on secure servers. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were fully informed of the study’s purpose, content, and methodology and provided their written informed consent, explicitly indicating their voluntary participation.

: Participants provided informed consent for the use of their anonymized data (e.g., request expressions) in this research publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.