Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 16 October 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The project was approved by Ethics Committee University of Foggia (Protocol ID: 43,681), and the study was conducted in accordance with the University of Foggia Code of Practice for Research. In addition, all experimental protocols were approved through individual ethics agreements between the Learning Science Institute – University of Foggia and the participating institutions, including the Istituto Comprensivo Aldo Moro Stornarella/Ordona (Protocol Number 0,008,975) and the Istituto Omnicomprensivo Bovino (Protocol Number 0,007,009).Consent to participate was granted by the teacher and institution of the two participating schools. Parents and guardians received informed consent explaining the study, methodology, and nature of student involvement. Both parents and/or guardians were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time, without any obligation or consequence.

: Consent for publication of anonymized data was obtained through the informed consent forms signed by their parents and/or legal guardians.

: Informed consent was obtained from parent and/or legal guardian. Participation was voluntary and anonymized to ensure confidentiality and protect participants’ rights.

: The authors declare no Conflict of interest.