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Authors
Elkhodr, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-7551
Gide, Ergun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-1910
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this study, as it involved retrospective analysis of anonymised tutorial data collected routinely during standard educational practices. No additional data were collected specifically for this research, and all analyses ensured complete anonymity of participants.
: Not applicable.
: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and regulations governing educational research and data protection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
