Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 February 2025

Accepted: 21 October 2025

First Online: 17 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Jimma University Research Ethics Review Committee Bio/589/07/2015 Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all participants and, where applicable, from parents or guardians. To protect student anonymity, all identifying information was removed or coded during data processing. Participants were assigned unique ID numbers, and data were stored securely in password-protected digital files accessible only to the research team. No individual-level data were reported, and findings were presented in aggregate form to ensure confidentiality. These procedures were implemented to ensure full compliance with ethical research standards. All participants were duly informed of their rights and responsibilities and provided explicit written consent before participation. Therefore, all data for this study was gathered voluntarily from the participants, who consented to its usage in the research.

: The authors hereby affirm that the participants in the human research have given their consent for the publication of the details in the journal and article.

: The authors declare no competing interests.