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Authors
Dewi, Oktavia Tri Sanggala https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9372-642X
Slamet, Joko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8676-8525
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance was formally obtained from the Ethics Committee of Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia (Approval No. 078.5.7/EC-UNIPA-SBY/2025), prior to data collection. All participants were fully informed about the research objectives, procedures, and their rights. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation.
: Participants provided written consent for anonymized data to be published for academic purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
