Kassie, Maru Zewdu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9623
Alemu, Chekol
Wudu, Habitamu
Marine, Buzuneh Tasfa
Abebe, Lantesle Amsalu
Gobena, Molalign Gualu
Yilema, Seyifemickael Amare
Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The data for this study were obtained from the fifth round of the COVID-19 HFPS-HH, conducted by the CSA of Ethiopia in collaboration with the World Bank. Ethical approval for the survey was granted by the implementing institutions (the CSA of Ethiopia and the World Bank). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants by the CSA and the World Bank during the original data collection. For participants under the age of 16, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legally authorized representatives. This study used anonymized secondary data with permission from the World Bank. No direct contact with participants was involved in this research.
: not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.