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Authors
Kristiawan, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-4013
Hendra, Oke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-6515
Macariola, Julie Simon https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5158-1201
Prayitno, Harun Joko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-5891
Amalia, Direstu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9760
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Panyapiwat Institute of Management (PIM). Prior to participation, all participants were informed of their rights and responsibilities and provided explicit written consent. The study was conducted in agreement with the guidelines governing research involving human participants, as outlined by the Ethics Committee of the Panyapiwat Institute of Management (PIM). The protocol was approved by Ms. Supichaya Chaichotiranant (Dean, Faculty of Liberal Arts) in accordance with the Panyapiwat Institute of Management (PIM) regulation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
