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Article History

Received: 11 July 2025

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 24 December 2025

Declarations

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: This study was approved by Ho Chi Minh University of Banking (HUB), Research Ethics Committee: Ref. No N0. 2964 QD/DHNH, dated May 9, 2025. Following this approval support letters from Ho Chi Minh University of Banking (HUB) were submitted to the relevant authorities at the study locations. Before selecting samples, the study’s objectives and data collection procedures were thoroughly explained to the participants. All survey responses remained anonymous, as no personal identifiers were collected, such as names, email addresses, phone numbers, or physical addresses. This measure was taken to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of the participants Witten informed consent was also obtained from all study participants. All participants in our study provided their informed consent to participate before any data collection took place. They were fully briefed on the objectives of the research, the procedures involved, and any potential risks or benefits of participation, Participants were assured of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any repercussions. Detailed information regarding the nature of the study usage of the data and measures to ensure confidentiality was provided to each participant to facilitate their informed decision-making.

: In our study, we obtained consent from all participants regarding the publication of results derived from their contributions. Each participant was informed about the purpose of the research, and they were assured that their identities would remain confidential. The consent process included a clear explanation of how their data would be used in publications, with no identifying information disclosed. Participants were invited to discuss any concerns regarding the publication of the findings. Given these steps, all participants gave their informed consent for the publication of this research.

: Letters of consent were signed and completed for all willing participants in the study. The submitted work of this study is original and is not under consideration elsewhere.

: The authors declare no competing interests.