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Article History

Received: 8 August 2025

Accepted: 10 November 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the research ethics policies of Al-Balqa Applied University (Jordan). Ethical clearance was granted by the Academic Research Committee of the Department of Educational Sciences at Princess Alia University College in January 2025, prior to data collection. All procedures performed in the study followed the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. All participants in this study, including preschool teachers, voluntarily gave informed consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant institutional review board prior to data collection. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participating kindergarten teachers affiliated with the Irbid Directorate of Education. Participants were provided with clear information about the study’s objectives, procedures, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. No data were collected from children; the study relied exclusively on teacher responses regarding national identity building practices in early childhood education settings.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not include any individual-level data, images, or other materials requiring publication consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.