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Article History

Received: 19 March 2025

Accepted: 14 November 2025

First Online: 22 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the College of Distance Education Institutional Review Committee, University of Cape Coast and gave permission with reference number CoDE/P/162/Vol.1/49 to conduct the research in accordance with ethical standards.

: All authors consent to allow the publisher to publish the content of the manuscript in this journal.

: All ethical considerations involving human participants were strictly observed. Informed consent was obtained through the survey (it was the first page of the questionnaire for respondents to read and accept before proceeding), allowing participants to indicate their willingness to participate freely and to withdraw at any time without consequences. Anonymity, confidentiality, and data integrity were rigorously maintained throughout data collection and processing. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in The Declaration of Helsinki.

: The authors declare no competing interests.