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Article History

Received: 16 May 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 7 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study involving human participants was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all applicable ethical guidelines and regulations governing research with human subjects. The Institutional Review Board of Ghana Communication Technology University granted ethical approval. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.

: The authors affirm that the results, data, and figures presented in this manuscript have not been previously published and are not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The corresponding author confirms that they have read and understood the journal’s policies and affirms that the manuscript is being submitted in full compliance with those policies.