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Article History

Received: 17 July 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Human ethics and consent to participate in this study was approved by the Indiana University at Indianapolis’s institutional review board (IRB #14213 Students’ Skills Development During Peer-Led Team Learning). All the methods employed and carried out in compliance with appropriate ethical guidelines and regulations. This study utilized secondary data that was appropriately anonymized.

: Informed consent was waived as data was gathered from previous class recordings and none of the participants in the recordings were under the age of 16, therefore additional parental consent was also waived.

: Individual informed consent for research participation and publication was not acquired from the students as the data was originally collected for instructional purposes prior to the conception of this research study. However, all recordings were used in accordance with institutional policies and ethical guidelines.

: The authors declare no competing interests.