Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 April 2025

Accepted: 24 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval for its general characteristics from the University of Rwanda College of Education, Research, and Innovation Ethics Committee (letter ref: 003/03/24). An individual ethical review was not required, as the study falls into a category exempt from such review. Studies qualify for general ethical approval if it can be confidently and easily assumed that participation will not cause any physical or mental harm or discomfort beyond everyday experiences and if the study relies on data that were fully anonymized at the source (e.g., through an anonymous online survey). The participants have signed the Informed Consent to participate and publish the results from this study in in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants.