Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Saearani, Muhammad Fazli Taib https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-1089
Sampurno, Muchammad Bayu Tejo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-7498
Chan, Abdul Hamid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-5361
Alfarisi, Salman
Augustine, Christine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-9897
Colleen Wong, Wong Huey Yi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9032-2217
Mazlan, Chamil Arkhasa Nikko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-3849
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2020/SSI0/UPSI/02/30)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The study received approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Malaysia (Reference: 2022-0518-01). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Human Research Ethics Committee of Sultan Idris Education University.
: No individual personal data is included in this article. Consent for publication is therefore not applicable.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the procedures involved, voluntary participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
