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Article History

Received: 7 September 2025

Accepted: 1 January 2026

First Online: 14 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Research Committee of the School of Education at Kathmandu University. The study was conducted in accordance with national and international ethical guidelines for educational research, including respect for the institution and participants’ autonomy, confidentiality, and voluntary participation. All procedures involving human participants adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional policies. Written informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from all student participants, their parents or legal guardians, and participating teachers before the commencement of academic article writing activities. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.

: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participating students, teachers, and their parents or guardians. All data presented in the study were anonymized to ensure confidentiality and privacy.

: The authors declare no competing interests.