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Article History

Received: 20 September 2025

Accepted: 7 January 2026

First Online: 13 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (UAD), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee. The study, titled “Students’ Attitudes, Challenges, and Needs in English Reading Comprehension: Foundations for AI-Integrated Corpus-Based Language Pedagogy,” complied with all institutional ethical guidelines for research involving human participants. Informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from all individual participants. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any stage without negative consequences. For participants under the age of 16, informed consent was obtained from a parent or legal guardian.

: All participants were provided with detailed information about the study prior to data collection. They were informed of the purpose, potential risks, and benefits of participation, and assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. Participants confirmed their willingness to take part by signing a written consent form. For participants under 16 years of age, written informed consent was additionally obtained from a parent or legal guardian.

: Written informed consent for the publication of anonymized data and participant quotations was obtained from all participants. For participants under the age of 16, consent for publication was provided by a parent or legal guardian.

: The authors declare no competing interests.