Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 July 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 20 January 2026

Declarations

:

: A detailed account of ethical procedures, including approval, informed consent, anonymity, and data security, is provided in Sect. 3.7 ( Ethical Considerations ). Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Board of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University’s School of Graduate Studies (Date: 18.04.2025, Issue: E-80110942-050.99-2500105704, Number: 139/141; Clinical Trial Number – not applicable). All participants were fully informed prior to data collection, and their consent was obtained digitally. The ethics board approval included informed consent, which was obtained from all participants involved in the study prior to their participation. The consent process was conducted digitally, ensuring that all respondents were fully aware of the study’s purpose, their rights, and the use of collected data.

: Participants were informed that their anonymized data might be used in scientific publications. No personally identifiable information is included in the manuscript. Consent for publication was granted through the same digital acknowledgment process.

: The authors declare no competing interests.