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Article History

Received: 30 August 2025

Accepted: 17 January 2026

First Online: 26 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Addis Ababa University, College of Education and Behavioral Studies (Reference No. CEBS-IRC-ECCE-3/2024; approved on July 26, 2024). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed of the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the measures taken to ensure confidentiality and anonymity.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.