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Design and evaluation of an Integrated Science Education Strategy (ISES) incorporating thematic team-teaching, traditional practices, and collaborative pedagogies for primary science learning

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-01143-3

Published Online: 2026-01-28

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Raghav, Suresh Chandra Kurup
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-28

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-01-28
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Article History

Received: 12 October 2025

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and research regulations of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Ethical approval and administrative permission were obtained from Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, where the experimental phase was carried out. The research involved normal educational practices without any intervention or treatment. Informed consent was obtained from all participating teachers and from the parents/guardians of student participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, anonymity was maintained, and confidentiality was ensured throughout the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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