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Article History

Received: 28 July 2025

Accepted: 20 January 2026

First Online: 24 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This research project, entitled “Intercultural COIL research project,” including the survey instrument, was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Texas at Dallas (IRB-23-185), in Dallas, Texas, United States. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee. The study complied with all institutional ethical guidelines for research involving human participants. Informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from each participant and their identities were protected through anonymity. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, and their right to withdraw or to not participate at any stage without negative consequences. Sustainability was promoted by applying the survey digitally.

: Not applicable.

: All participants provided informed consent at the beginning of the anonymous survey used in this study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.