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Authors
Nyale, Duncan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-7655
Karume, Simon
Kipkebut, Andrew
Mukudi, Fidelis
Sharafat, Abrar
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: A research ethical clearance was obtained from the KCA University Scientific Ethics Review Committee (KCAUSERC), with the approval code KCAUSERC/ EXTER013. The research was carried out following the guidelines of the KCAUSERC.
: This study did not involve human participants. Data was web scraped exclusively from publicly accessible websites. No personal data was collected, ensuring the privacy and anonymity of individuals. As such, informed consent from individuals is not applicable to this research.
: No human participants were involved in this study. The web scraped data was only used for scholarly and educational purposes, in accordance with ethical research guidelines and institutional policies. The paper’s publication is permitted by all of the authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
