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Authors
Ali, Ayub https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7765-4088
Arefin, Md. Minhajul https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5901-3058
Siddik, Md Abu Bakkar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-1953
Habib, Mohammad Ahsan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0095-1511
Hasan, Mehedi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4850-9515
Safwan, Abubakar Mohammad https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9908-3645
Ahmed, Zobayer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-6055
Akther, Most Mabia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4448-4030
Akhter, Nasrin https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0584-9641
Saiful, Md Saiful Islam https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5099-3210
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Jahangirnagar University Ethical Approval Board, and all procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration (1964) and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. Participants were fully informed about the purpose, nature, and potential risks of the study, and they voluntarily agreed to participate. The research was conducted in compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in the Helsinki Declaration (1964). The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Jahangirnagar University Ethical Approval Board. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after they were informed of the study’s purpose, methods, risks, and benefits. Additionally, there were no participants under 16 years of age, so informed consent from their parents or legally authorized representatives was inappropriate.
: Informed consent to publish identifying information or images in an online open-access publication was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians. All patient names have been removed from the manuscript, and no identifying images are included.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
