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Article History

Received: 15 October 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The requirement for ethical approval for this study was waived by the Sunyani Technical University Institutional Review Board (STU-IRB), Ghana, as the research involved minimal-risk survey data, collected anonymously with no personal identifying information. The study was conducted in full accordance with the Sunyani Technical University Research Ethics Guidelines for Human Subjects Research.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. All responses were anonymized to ensure confidentiality and to protect the privacy of participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.