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Article History

Received: 16 June 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 8 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involves human participants’ demographic data from Bangladeshi public library professionals and does not include other human data or human tissue. The author’s institution does not have an Institutional Review Board (IRB), but permission was granted from Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS) to conduct the research in accordance with ethical guidelines. All participants provided informed consent, ensuring the protection of their rights and well-being.

: Not applicable.

: Informed consent was obtained from all adult participants prior to their participation in the study. Participants were fully informed of the study’s purpose, risks, and benefits. Participation was voluntary, and all participants provided their consent with a clear understanding of the study’s objectives and procedures. No participants under the age of 16 were involved.

: The authors declare no competing interests.