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Article History

Received: 23 June 2025

Accepted: 3 March 2026

First Online: 7 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with all relevant ethical standards. Based on the current study, the researcher observed research ethical considerations by securing a research clearance and permit from the responsible authority to collect data from the selected Tanzanian secondary schools. This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), with approval number IEC/20/C/22 with a permit letter referenced AB/12(B). All participants were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study, and their participation was voluntary.

: Participants provided consent for the anonymous publication of the data collected. No identifiable personal information is included in this manuscript.

: It was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. This made trust with the researcher, ensured respect for autonomy and provided a sense of being free to participate in the study after understanding the nature and purpose of the study as well as being assured with protection from mistreatment.

: The authors declare no competing interests.