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Article History

Received: 6 July 2025

Accepted: 3 March 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved human participants (parents, teachers, and school principals) and was conducted in accordance with relevant national and institutional guidelines and regulations governing research involving human subjects. Ethical approval was obtained from the SIMAD University Institutional Review Board (Approval No. SU-IRB-EDU-2025-021, 12 March 2025). All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of participation, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the measures taken to ensure confidentiality and anonymity.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data or images.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.