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Authors
Ali, Mahad Ibrahim
Daud, Eid Ibrahim
Birhan, Nigussie Adam
Mohamed, Jama
Jama, Umalkhayr Abdi
Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail
Adam, Mohamed Ali
Belay, Denekew Bitew
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study is based on secondary analysis of publicly available data from the 2020 Somaliland Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS). The original survey was conducted with ethical approval from the Ministry of Planning and National Development of Somaliland and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ICF. The dataset used in this study was fully anonymized and contains no personally identifiable information. The authors confirm that all research methods were performed in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the University of Hargeisa Institutional Review Board.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
